The state gives cities and counties broad authority to set their own noise limits. But most enforcement of noise ordinances and responses to noise complaints happens at the local level. The state law sets standards for managing noise in new buildings and developments, and requires that a “Noise Element” be included in city and county general plans. At that time, the damaging effects of human-created noise were (as described in a 1991 report to the Administrative Conference of the United States) “a distant cousin in the family of environmental issues and…outside the mainstream of the environmental movement ever since.”Ĭalifornia passed its Noise Control Act in 1973, the year after the United States Congress passed the federal version. Most environmental activism in that era, however, focused on the insidious effects of man-made pollutants, poisonous chemicals and emissions on the air, water and land. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), established in an executive order by President Richard Nixon. Highlights include the 1962 publication of naturalist Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring, the work of pioneering ecologist Barry Commoner, and the 1970 creation of the U.S. Environmentalism has been around for as long as civilization itself, but in the United States, the 1960s and early 1970s could be called the Golden Age of the environmental movement.
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